监督相关方参与是监督项目相关方关系,并通过修订参与策略和计划来引导相关方合理参与项目的过程。本过程的主要作用是,随着项目进展和环境变化,维持或提升相关方参与活动的效率和效果。本过程需要在整个项目期间开展。图 13-9 描述本过程的输入、工具与技术和输出。图 13-10 是本过程的数据流向图。
图 13-9监督相关方参与:输入、工具与技术和输出
• Projectcharter图 13-10监督相关方参与:数据流向图
13.4 监督相关方参与 — 监督项目相关方关系,并通过修订参与策略和计划来引导相关方合理参与项目的过程。
在图 13-6 中,C 代表每个相关方的当前参与水平,而 D 是项目团队评估出来的、为确保项目成功所必不可少的参与水平(期望的)。应根据每个相关方的当前与期望参与水平的差距,开展必要的沟通,有效引导相关方参与项目。弥合当前与期望参与水平的差距是监督相关方参与中的一项基本工作。
• Projectcharter图 13-10监督相关方参与:数据流向图
能够监督相关方参与过程的事业环境因素包括(但不限于):
能够影响监督相关方参与过程的组织过程资产包括(但不限于):
可在本过程更新的项目文件包括(但不限于):
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监督相关方参与是监督项目相关方关系,并通过修订参与策略和计划来引导相关方合理参与项目的过程。本过程的主要作用是,随着项目进展和环境变化,维持或提升相关方参与项目的效率和效果。本过程需要在整个项目期间开展。图 5-13 描述了本过程的输入和输出。
我们对两个知识领域的名称做了变更,以更贴切地反映其中的工作。
为了反映在实践中项目管理方式的变化,删除了一项过程,新增了三项过程,并移动一项过程到两个知识领域之间。下文会总结这些变更,并在相关知识领域章节加以讨论:
若干过程名称有所变更,以提高各过程间的一致性和清晰性。调查显示,相对于控制,项目经理更倾向于监督、引导和管理,尤其在需要与人员交流互动的过程中;因此,控制沟通、控制风险和控制相关方参与等过程的名称变更为监督沟通、监督风险和监督相关方参与。以下清单对所有过程名称的变更进行了总结:
为了顺应当前的调查和实践,我们将重心从相关方管理转移到引导相关方参与。由于项目经理很少(若有)有能力控制相关方,因此控制相关方参与重新命名为监督相关方参与。